The small GTPase Rap1 may serve as a master regulator of these changes in adhesion (Dao et al, 2009). Mitotic cell rounding is not well understood it is driven in part by changes in the actin cytoskeleton and in part by the down-regulation of adhesive systems (Rosenblatt, 2008 Matthews et al, 2012). Epithelial cells, which must maintain barrier integrity, undergo less dramatic morphological changes during division, but in tissues, they do tend to de-adhere from the basal lamina during mitosis and round up, while their tight junctions remain intact (Jinguji & Ishikawa, 1992). Mitotic rounding is not an artifact of tissue culture similar changes occur during cell division in mesenchymal cells (Nakajima et al, 2013). After cytokinesis, daughter cells spread back out. During cytokinesis, the cell surface ingresses at the cleavage furrow, and in some cell lines, blebs at the poles. As cells enter mitosis, they transiently round up, which facilitates mitotic spindle assembly (Rosenblatt, 2008 Stewart et al, 2011b Lancaster et al, 2013). This is best characterized for adherent cells in culture. In contrast, very little is known about molecular events at the cell surface during cell division.Ĭell surface morphology undergoes dramatic reshaping at the onset of mitosis. Almost all aspects of the cell*s interior are changed by the entry into mitosis under the influence of the master kinase Cdk1, and these changes have been extensively studied in many laboratories (Nurse, 1990 Nigg, 2001 Moseley & Nurse, 2009), including large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis (Dephoure et al, 2008 Olsen et al, 2010 Kettenbach et al, 2011). The cytoplasm of mammalian cells undergoes dramatic reorganization during cell division. The cell surface is responsible for communication with the environment and is critical for tissue development, homeostasis, and disease. It also provides potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers for anti-mitotic cancer chemotherapy. Our analysis provided basic information on how cell cycle progression affects the cell surface.
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We show that PCDH7 is required for development of full mitotic rounding pressure at the onset of mitosis. Using imaging techniques, we confirmed the mitosis-selective cell surface localization of protocadherin PCDH7, a member of a family with anti-adhesive roles in embryos. Six hundred and twenty-eight surface and surface-associated proteins in HeLa cells were identified of these, 27 were significantly enriched at the cell surface in mitosis and 37 in interphase. We undertook a quantitative proteomic comparison of cell surface-exposed proteins in human cancer cells that were tightly synchronized in mitosis or interphase. In contrast, very little is known of the cell surface changes during cell division. These changes are triggered by activation of the CDK1 kinase and have been studied extensively. The interior of mammalian cells undergoes dramatic reorganization when cells enter mitosis. The cell surface is the cellular compartment responsible for communication with the environment.
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